BIOL-44713 credit hours

Ecological Methods

Biology · 3 hrs Lecture | 3 hrs Lab

Offered: Fall Or Winter

BIOL-4471 prerequisites

12 courses appear in this chain, up to 3 levels deep. Every route through it involves a choice, so nothing is forced.

Part of this course's requisite text couldn't be parsed into structure, so the chain below may be incomplete. The full wording is under “Requisite courses”.

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all of

any one of

GEOG-2203not in the 2026-27 calendar

BIOL-2403Principles of Ecology

all of

BIOL-1115Cells and Cellular Processes

all of

any one of

Pre-Calculus Math 40S

Applied Math 40S

Chemistry 40S

BIOL-1116Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity

all of

any one of

Pre-Calculus Mathematics 40S

Applied Mathematics 40S

Chemistry 40S

BIOL-3471Forest Ecology

all of

any one of

BIOL-2403Principles of Ecology

Its prerequisites are shown above.

GEOG-2213Introductory Soil Science

all of

any one of

GEOG 1205

the former GEOG-1201

any one of

the former GEOG-1202

permission of instructor

any one of

GEOG-2214Soil-Vegetation Systems

GEOG-2213Introductory Soil Science

Its prerequisites are shown above.

permission of the instructor

any one of

1 course from STAT-1301

STAT-1501Elementary Biological Statistics I

any one of

Pre-Calculus Mathematics 40S

Applied Mathematics 40S

GEOG-2309Statistical Techniques in Environmental Analysis

any one of

Any 3 credits of 1000 level Geography courses

permission of the instructor

GEOG-2310not in the 2026-27 calendar

BIOL-3492Quantitative and Theoretical Biology

all of

BIOL-2301Genetics

all of

BIOL-1115Cells and Cellular Processes

Its prerequisites are shown above.

BIOL-1116Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity

Its prerequisites are shown above.

BIOL-2403Principles of Ecology

Its prerequisites are shown above.

permission of the instructor

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Where BIOL-4471 counts

Counts toward 2 more as one option among several, not as a course you must take:

BIOL 4-YEAR BSc IN BIOLOGY
BIOL HONOURS BSc IN BIOLOGY

Read from the departments' own calendar pages, where 71 of 141 programs are only partly machine-readable, so treat these as a minimum rather than the full list. Confirm with an academic advisor.

Description

This course deals with the statistical properties and analysis of ecological data. Students study the practical and conceptual bases of good statistical practice 'from the ground up', including study design, presentation of scientific results, and high quality graphics. Topics include the nature of data and variables, exploratory analysis, statistical distributions and probability, study design, replication, and pseudoreplication. Students use real ecological data sets to perform simple and multiple linear regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. In the laboratory, students learn how to use the R open source statistical language to produce high quality graphics and to perform elementary statistical programming.

Requisite courses

GEOG-2203 or BIOL-2403 or BIOL-3471, and 1 course from STAT-1301, STAT-1501, GEOG-2309, GEOG-2310 or BIOL-3492, or permission of the instructor [prerequisite(s)]; BIOL-4471L (lab) (must be taken concurrently).

LectureLab

From the 2026-27 undergraduate calendar. Always verify details on WebAdvisor or with an academic advisor before registering.